Exploring Solvent Blue Dyes: From Customer Feedback to Creating Pacific Blue

If you’re a DIY chemist, hobbyist, or professional in coatings and inks, understanding the subtle differences between solvent dyes can make a huge difference in your projects. Recently, I had a fascinating experience with Solvent Blue 35, Solvent Blue 78, and Blue 104, which led to the creation of a unique blue mix I now call Pacific Blue. Here’s a detailed walkthrough of the process, the lessons learned, and tips for working with anthraquinone-based dyes.

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Customer Feedback Sparks an Investigation

It all started when a customer reached out, noting that the Solvent Blue 35 dye I sold him appeared too green. Instead of getting discouraged, I decided to do a side-by-side comparison of all three solvent blue dyes I had in stock.

The customer, who manufactures auto care cleaners and waxes for dealerships and mechanics, was willing to swap Solvent Blue 78 for the 35 and return the latter. This feedback provided a perfect opportunity to explore the properties of each dye more closely.

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Comparing Solvent Blue Dyes in Toluene

To analyze the dyes, I dissolved Blue 104, Blue 35, and Solvent Blue 78 in toluene:

• Blue 104: Vibrant and pops strongly in the red shade.

• Blue 35: Strongly green-tinted, which explains the customer’s concern.

• Solvent Blue 78: A balanced shade, with only a slight green bias, making it a good compromise between 35 and 104.

I also reviewed the molecular formulas, chemical properties, and uses of each dye for reference. All three dyes belong to the anthraquinone dye series, meaning they share similar chemical structures but have distinctly different visual effects.

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Experimenting with Dye Mixing

After resolving the customer’s issue, I decided to take the experiment further by testing the dyes on a marked sketchbook page. Boldly, I mixed all three dyes to create a more distinctive blue.

Initially, the mixture developed some blotchy spots—likely a solubility issue. To fix this, I added more toluene and stirred thoroughly, resulting in a smooth, vibrant mix I named Pacific Blue.

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Applications and Observations

I plan to incorporate Pacific Blue into a solvent-based clear, creating a tinted lacquer or ink suitable for aluminum and other non-porous surfaces. Interestingly, I also considered whether the blotchy separation I observed might have been caused by paintbrush contamination or an inadvertent chromatography effect. Either way, it offered valuable insight into dye behavior in mixed solutions.

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Lessons Learned

1. Not all solvent blues are created equal: Even within the anthraquinone series, slight differences in chemical structure can result in vastly different shades.

2. Side-by-side testing is essential: Dissolving dyes in the intended solvent reveals subtle color biases that aren’t always obvious in dry powder form.

3. Mixing dyes can create unique colors: Pacific Blue is a perfect example of how experimentation can yield a custom shade for specific applications.

4. Solubility matters: Observing blotchy spots or separation helps identify solubility limitations and informs adjustments for better dye integration.

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Try It Yourself: DIY Tips for Solvent Dye Experiments

• Always use a clear solvent (like toluene) to test the true color of each dye.

• Mix small test batches before committing to large volumes.

• Keep a detailed record of dye ratios, solvent amounts, and application methods.

• Label and store your new creations carefully—just like I did with Pacific Blue.

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Final Thoughts

Experimenting with Solvent Blue 35, 78, and 104 reminded me how nuanced color chemistry can be. A little feedback from a customer sparked hours of exploration, testing, and innovation, ultimately resulting in a brand-new custom dye mix.

If you’re passionate about dyes, inks, or coatings, consider trying your own solvent dye experiments. You never know what unique shades you might discover!

Spray Painting Plexiglass with Krylon Fusion: A Simple Guide for a Durable Finish

 

Spray Painting Plexiglass with Krylon Fusion: A Simple Guide for a Durable Finish

Spray painting Plexiglass can be frustrating if the paint refuses to stick or begins peeling later. Fortunately, Krylon Fusion spray paint is specifically formulated to bond to difficult surfaces like plastics—including Plexiglass—without complicated preparation. With the right technique, you can achieve a smooth, durable finish that adheres extremely well.

This guide explains why Krylon Fusion works so well on Plexiglass and how to apply it for the best results. 

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Why Paint Plexiglass?

Plexiglass (acrylic sheet) is widely used for:

• Signs and displays

• Protective panels and shields

• Art projects

• Light diffusers

• Decorative panels

However, its very smooth surface makes it difficult for many paints to adhere properly. Traditional paints often require sanding or plastic primers.

That’s where Krylon Fusion stands out.

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Why Krylon Fusion Works on Plexiglass

Krylon Fusion is engineered with plastic-bonding technology that chemically adheres to smooth polymer surfaces.

Advantages include:

• Excellent adhesion to plastics

• No sanding required

• No plastic primer needed

• Fast drying time

• Durable finish

Because of this formulation, the only preparation required before painting Plexiglass is cleaning the surface thoroughly.

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Surface Preparation (Very Simple)

Unlike many paint systems, Plexiglass does not need sanding or priming when using Krylon Fusion.

Just follow these cleaning steps:

1. Remove dust and debris

   • Wipe the surface with a clean cloth.

2. Clean with mild soap and water

   • This removes oils and fingerprints.

3. Rinse and dry completely

   • Any moisture left behind can interfere with adhesion.

4. Optional: wipe with isopropyl alcohol

   • This removes stubborn grease or residues.

Once the surface is clean and dry, it is ready to paint.

Also, mineral spirits or varnish and paint makers naphthta

can be used if put on a rag first and not poured directly on 

the plexiglass

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How to Spray Paint Plexiglass

For best results, apply Krylon Fusion in thin, even coats.

Step-by-Step Process

1. Shake the can well
Shake for at least 1–2 minutes to properly mix the pigments and binders.

2. Spray from 8–12 inches away
Keep the nozzle moving to avoid heavy spots.

3. Apply a light first coat
This acts as a tack layer that improves bonding.

4. Add additional thin coats
Wait about 10–15 minutes between coats.

5. Allow proper curing time
The paint will dry quickly to the touch but becomes fully durable after several hours to a day.

Thin coats produce the smoothest finish and minimize runs.

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Tips for the Best Finish

To get professional-looking results when painting Plexiglass:

• Paint in low humidity conditions

• Use multiple light coats instead of one heavy coat

• Keep the spray can moving in smooth overlapping passes

• Paint in a well-ventilated area

These small details make a big difference in the final appearance.

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Satin vs Gloss Finishes

Krylon Fusion comes in multiple finishes, including:

• Gloss

• Satin

• Matte

For many decorative projects, satin finishes are preferred because they reduce glare and hide surface imperfections better than high gloss paints.

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Common Mistakes to Avoid

Even though Krylon Fusion bonds well to Plexiglass, a few mistakes can cause problems.

Avoid:

• Painting over dust or fingerprints

• Applying heavy coats that cause runs

• Painting in cold or damp conditions

• Touching the surface before the paint cures

Simply cleaning the surface and applying thin coats will prevent most issues.

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Final Thoughts

Painting Plexiglass does not have to be complicated. Thanks to its plastic-bonding formula, Krylon Fusion spray paint adheres extremely well to Plexiglass with minimal preparation.

As long as the surface is clean and dry, no sanding or priming is required. With light coats and proper drying time, you can achieve a smooth, durable finish that holds up well for both decorative and functional projects.

Making Fluorescent Acrylic Paints from Dry Fluorescent Pigments

 

Why Make Your Own Fluorescent Acrylic Paint?

• Cost savings over premixed paints

• Control over pigment load

• Custom transparency

• Ability to create ultra-intense glazing colors

• Perfect for metal art, acrylic pours, or airbrush work

For artists working on steel, aluminum, or textured surfaces, custom fluorescent acrylics allow layering effects that commercial paints often dilute.

With some basic tools and materials, you too can make your own fluorescent acrylic paints!  This is a list of the things you need!

1. Glass muller and glass slab or pane
2. Dry pigment powder
3. Oratan 731K or similar dispersant
4. At least 1 palette knife for mixing
5. Acrylic medium of choice

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Final Thoughts

Making fluorescent acrylic paint from dry pigment is less about dumping powder into binder — and more about understanding wetting chemistry.

Whether you use a professional dispersant like Oratan 731K from Kremer Pigmente or a well-designed DIY blend of water, propylene glycol, and nonionic surfactants, the principle remains the same:

Fully wet the pigment first. Then build the paint.

Control dispersion, and you control brightness.

How Spray Paint in Cold Weather

 

Spray Painting on a Cold, Dry Day: It’s All About Thermal Management

Spray painting in winter doesn’t have to mean orange peel, blushing, or tacky finishes that never cure. If the air is dry, you actually have a huge advantage. The real challenge isn’t humidity — it’s thermal management.

When you understand how temperature affects atomization, solvent evaporation, and film formation, cold-weather spray painting becomes completely workable — even in a small shed.

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Why Cold Weather Causes Spray Paint Problems

Most aerosol and spray gun coatings are designed to perform best between 65°F and 85°F. When temperatures drop:

• Paint thickens

• Atomization becomes coarse

• Solvents evaporate slowly

• The surface may stay soft or dull

• You risk orange peel texture

But notice something important:

It’s not just the air temperature that matters.
It’s the temperature of:

• The paint

• The substrate (your project)

• The air during curing

This is why thermal management is the real solution.

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Step 1: Start With Room Temperature Paint and Metal

Before you even step outside:

• Store your spray cans indoors overnight.

• Keep your project indoors until just before spraying.

• Aim for both to be around 70°F.

Warm paint atomizes finer. Warm metal prevents condensation and improves flow-out.

If you bring a cold metal panel into warm air, it can sweat. That moisture ruins adhesion. So always warm the project first, then move it to your spray area.

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Step 2: Use the Cold, Dry Air to Your Advantage

Cold winter air is often extremely low humidity. That’s excellent for:

• Preventing blushing

• Improving solvent evaporation clarity

• Achieving crisp finishes on metal

As long as the substrate and paint start warm, you can spray successfully even if the surrounding air is cooler — especially for light coats.

The key is what happens immediately after spraying.

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Step 3: Create a Small Warm Curing Zone

You do not need a professional paint booth.

A small shed, temporary plastic enclosure, or DIY spray tent works perfectly.

After spraying:

• Move the project into a small enclosed space

• Use a small inexpensive electric fan heater like the one featured here.

• Warm the air to around 65–75°F

• Keep gentle airflow (not direct blasting on the surface)

The goal isn’t high heat.
The goal is consistent moderate warmth to allow:

• Solvent flash-off

• Leveling

• Proper film curing

Because the space is small, even a compact 750–1500W heater can raise the temperature quickly and economically.

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Why This Works: The Science Behind It

Spray paint cures through solvent evaporation and resin crosslinking. Both processes are temperature dependent.

By starting warm and finishing warm:

• Viscosity stays low during atomization

• Droplets level properly

• Solvents evaporate at a controlled rate

• The film hardens evenly

You’re controlling the thermal curve from application to cure.

That’s professional thinking — even in a backyard shed.

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Bonus Tips for Cold Weather Spray Painting

• Shake cans longer than usual (2–3 minutes).

• Spray lighter coats to prevent sagging.

• Allow slightly longer flash times between coats.

• Keep extension cords heavy-duty for heater safety.

• Never use open-flame heaters around solvents.

Safety first — solvent vapors are flammable.

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Why Dry Cold Is Better Than Damp Cool

Many painters assume summer is ideal. Not always.

High humidity can cause:

• Blushing

• Cloudiness

• Poor adhesion

• Slow cure times

Dry cold air, managed correctly, can produce exceptionally crisp finishes — especially on steel, aluminum, and primed surfaces.

For metal artists and fabricators working in garages or sheds, this method allows year-round finishing without expensive equipment.

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Final Thoughts: Think Like a Thermal Engineer

Spray painting on a cold, dry day isn’t about fighting the weather.

It’s about controlling three temperatures:

1. The paint

2. The project

3. The curing environment

Manage those, and you can achieve professional results in a simple DIY enclosure with nothing more than warm storage and a small electric heater.

Thermal management turns winter into paint season.

 

Why Getting an Easy Job Might Be the Smartest Move If You Want to Become a Content Creator or Learn AI Skills

In a world obsessed with hustle culture, taking an “easy job” might sound like settling.

But if your real goal is to reinvent yourself as a content creator, learn coding, or break into AI, a low-stress job can actually be a powerful strategic move. Instead of draining all your mental energy at work, you create space to build skills that compound over time.  Because wealth is not generated by more effort per se but by compounding value.

Let’s break down why this approach works—and how to use it intentionally.

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 1. Mental Energy Is Your Most Valuable Asset

Learning high-income skills like:

• Coding (Python, JavaScript)

• AI tools and automation

• Machine learning

• YouTube content creation

• SEO and digital marketing

…requires deep focus and cognitive bandwidth.

A high-stress job may pay more, but it often consumes your creative energy. By contrast, a predictable, low-pressure job preserves mental clarity so you can invest your best thinking into building future income streams.

Keyword focus: low stress jobs for career change, easy job to learn coding, transition into AI career

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2. Stability Fuels Risk-Taking

Reinvention requires psychological safety.

When your bills are covered, you can:

• Experiment with YouTube or blogging

• Launch small digital projects

• Build a portfolio in coding or AI

• Take online certifications

• Fail without panic

This stability reduces desperation and improves long-term decision-making.

Many successful creators and developers built their skills while working simple, stable jobs.

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3. You Can Create a “Skill Compounding” Schedule

An easy job often provides:

• Fixed hours

• Limited overtime

• Lower emotional exhaustion

• Even downtime in some roles

That time can be redirected toward:

• Building a content library

• Learning Python for automation

• Practicing prompt engineering

• Studying AI workflows

• Creating niche YouTube videos

Two focused hours per day equals 700+ hours per year.

That’s enough to completely change your trajectory.

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4. Content Creation Requires Consistency, Not Chaos

If you want to grow on platforms like:

• YouTube

• TikTok

• Medium

You need:

• Predictable output

• Regular publishing

• Emotional stability

• Time to edit, refine, and analyze

Burnout destroys consistency.

An easy job supports consistency.

Consistency builds algorithms.

Algorithms build audiences.

Audiences build income.

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5. Learning AI and Coding Is a Long Game

AI and software development reward patience.

If you're studying:

• Python for automation

• API integrations

• Data analysis

• Prompt engineering

• AI-assisted workflows

You need repetition and deliberate practice.

A high-intensity career often interrupts that process.

An easy job protects it.

Over 12–24 months, your skill stack can become far more valuable than your original job ever was.

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6. You Build a Strategic Exit Plan (Not an Emotional Escape)

Many people try to escape jobs emotionally.

A smarter move is to transition strategically.

An easy job allows you to:

• Save capital

• Pay off debt

• Build emergency reserves

• Develop monetizable skills

• Test online income streams

When your side income becomes consistent, your exit is calculated—not reckless.

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7. You Can Reinvent Your Identity Quietly

Reinvention often feels overwhelming because it challenges identity.

But you don’t have to announce it.

You can:

• Study AI at night

• Build a niche content channel

• Launch a small coding project

• Learn SEO and grow a blog

All while working a stable job that pays the bills.

Quiet reinvention is powerful.

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8. The Psychology of Leverage

Here’s the truth:

Most easy jobs have capped income.

Most skill-based digital careers have scalable income.

You trade short-term prestige for long-term leverage.

Examples of scalable paths:

• AI automation consulting

• Niche YouTube channels

• Technical blogging

• SaaS micro-tools

• Digital courses

• Freelance coding

Your job funds your leverage phase.

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9. Reduced Stress Improves Creative Output

High stress reduces:

• Creativity

• Learning speed

• Decision quality

• Risk tolerance

Low stress improves:

• Strategic thinking

• Consistency

• Content quality

• Skill acquisition speed

Creative and technical skills thrive in calm environments.

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10. The “Bridge Job” Strategy

Think of your easy job as a bridge.

Not your destination.

A bridge gives you:

• Income

• Time

• Mental clarity

• A runway to build assets

The mistake isn’t taking an easy job.

The mistake is taking one without a plan.

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How to Use an Easy Job to Reinvent Yourself (Action Plan)

Step 1: Define your target identity

• AI developer

• Automation specialist

• YouTube educator

• Technical content creator

Step 2: Choose one monetizable skill

• Python scripting

• AI tool integration

• SEO blogging

• Video editing

Step 3: Commit to 90 days of focused effort

• 1–2 hours daily

• Publish weekly

• Build small projects

Step 4: Track skill and income growth

• Portfolio pieces

• Subscribers

• Freelance offers

• Ad revenue

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Final Thoughts: Easy Does Not Mean Weak

In fact, strategically choosing an easy job might be the most disciplined move you can make.

It protects your energy.
It funds your transformation.
It buys you time.
It reduces panic.
It increases leverage.

And in the age of AI, leverage beats exhaustion every time.

How to Rivet Plexiglass to Steel

 Riveting Acrylic Sheet to Steel Without Cracking it!

In this post I’m covering how to successfully rivet acrylic sheet to steel without cracking it.  Of coarse, the same principles apply to joining acrylic to other metals but steel is more widespread and cheaper so I will stick with it.  

First of all, because we are joining two very dissimilar materials, it goes without mentioning that they will experience differences in expansion and contraction in different temperatures.  Acrylic, unlike mild steel, is strong but not tough and can easily stress crack.  For this reason I highly recommend drilling a hole slightly larger than the rivet being used.  Preferably 1/64 inch to 1/32 inch larger to allow for slight movement without stress.  I cover how to do that in my other post “Drill Perfect Holes in Plexiglass Every Time!”  The steel, on the other hand, should have a hole exactly the same diameter as the rivet. This will provide a firm grip on the rivet holding it in place.  

Another thing you’ll need is a nylon washer.  This is a firm plastic that won’t deform excessively like rubber but will absorb the tremendous force created by the rivet gun pulling the mandrel through.  Below ¼ inch nylon washers will come typically with number sizes to match screws of the same diameter.  The number 10 nylon washer works well with a ³⁄₁₆ inch and #8 washer should be close enough for the ⅛ inch diameter rivets.  Here is a close up of the Plexiglass bonded to a steel tube.  If you look closely you can see the nylon washer nicely sitting there. 

Drill Perfect Holes in Plexiglass Every Time!

 

Using Drill Bits Made Specifically for Plastics

When drilling plexiglass (acrylic sheet), using drill bits specifically engineered for plastics is the key to achieving perfectly round, chip-free holes. Unlike standard metal drill bits with a 118° or 135° point angle, plastic drill bits feature a sharp 60° tip angle, like this set from eBay, that gradually penetrates the material instead of aggressively wedging into it. This steep point geometry reduces thrust pressure and prevents the bit from grabbing as it breaks through the backside—one of the most common causes of cracking and starburst fractures in acrylic. This is why step bits are also useful for drilling holes in plexiglass,   For anyone working with cast acrylic, Lucite, or Plexiglas sheets, this specialized tip angle delivers superior hole accuracy, smoother edges, and dramatically less risk of stress fractures.

Equally critical is the zero rake (or neutral rake) cutting edge geometry. Standard twist drills for metal have a positive rake angle that “bites” into material, but acrylic is softer and more brittle than metals. A positive rake can pull the bit forward too aggressively, causing chipping, melting, or out-of-round holes. Plastic drill bits use zero rake to create a scraping action rather than a grabbing action, allowing controlled chip formation and steady material removal. This geometry minimizes heat buildup, reduces melting, and ensures the hole remains dimensionally stable and perfectly circular. For fabricators, sign makers, and artists seeking precision drilling in plexiglass, acrylic, or other thermoplastics, dedicated plastic drill bits provide the cleanest, safest, and most professional results.

Drilling Holes for Rivets and Threading Holes For Screws

Using drill bits designed specifically for plastics is especially important when preparing plexiglass (acrylic sheet) for rivets or threaded fasteners. When installing pop rivets through acrylic panels, hole geometry must be precise and stress-free to prevent cracking during compression. The 60° point angle and zero rake cutting edges found on plastic drill bits reduce grabbing and breakout, which is critical when drilling holes sized for 1/8", 3/16", or larger rivets. A clean, perfectly round hole allows the rivet body to seat evenly without creating radial stress fractures around the perimeter. This is particularly important in fabrication projects that combine acrylic with steel or aluminum panels, where uneven hole quality can lead to long-term cracking from vibration or differential expansion.

The same geometry is equally beneficial when drilling pilot holes for tapping threads in acrylic. Standard metal drill bits can create slightly oversized, chipped, or heat-distorted holes that compromise thread integrity. In contrast, plastic-specific drill bits produce dimensionally accurate holes with smooth internal walls, providing optimal engagement when cutting threads for machine screws. Because zero rake reduces heat buildup and prevents micro-cracking, the tapped threads are stronger and less prone to stripping. For fabricators, sign makers, and artists working with plexiglass, using the correct plastic drill bit ensures reliable rivet installation, cleaner tapped threads, and long-term structural integrity in acrylic assemblies.